【小站原創】官方真題Official48托福閱讀文本及答案解析（Chinese Population Growth）（原TPO）
- 2016年06月27日10:39 來源：小站教育作者：小站托福編輯
- 參與（65） 閱讀（62253）
在托福閱讀的備考過程中，除了大量的閱讀之外，全面了解托福閱讀的題型和解題方法也都是非常重要的環節。那么，在以下內容中就為大家帶來官方真題Official48中托福閱讀文章題目及相關解析內容，希望能為大家的備考帶來幫助。
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. 【句子簡化題】
A. Commerce, industrialization, and development are common features of the Western experience.
B. Trade, industrialization, and development accelerated social change in Western societies.
C. Trade and industrialization brought about development in Western societies.
D. In Western societies, social change provided the conditions for development in a number of areas.
答案：C
解析：劃線句子意為西方社會商業讓工業化開始，然后帶來社會各個方面的發展，對應選項C中：Trade and industrialization brought about development in Western societies。
2. The word “attributed” in the passage is closest in meaning to 【詞匯題】
A. accustomed
B. credited
C. exposed
D. transformed
答案：B
解析：attribute, 歸因于。B選項歸功于，為同義替換，所以B選項正確。
Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2
Increases in population have usually been accompanied (indeed facilitated) by an increase in trade. In the Western experience, commerce provided the conditions that allowed industrialization to get started, which in turn led to growth in science, technology, industry, transport, communications, social change, and the like that we group under the broad term of “development.” However, the massive increase in population that in Europe was at first attributed to industrialization starting in the eighteenth century occurred also and at the same period in China, even though there was no comparable industrialization.
It is estimated that the Chinese population by 1600 was close to 150 million. The transition between the Ming and Qing dynasties (the seventeenth century) may have seen a decline, but from 1741 to 1851 the annual figures rose steadily and spectacularly, perhaps beginning with 143 million and ending with 432 million. If we accept these totals, we are confronted with a situation in which the Chinese population doubled in the 50 years from 1790 to 1840. If, with greater caution, we assume lower totals in the early eighteenth century and only 400 million in 1850, we still face a startling fact: something like a doubling of the vast Chinese population in the century before Western contact, foreign trade, and industrialization could have had much effect.
3. According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following is true of Chinese population growth between 1741and 1851? 【事實信息題】
A. It coincided with the beginning of industrialization in China.
B. It prompted speculation about the actual number of people living in China in previous centuries.
C. It continued the steady growth in population of previous centuries.
D. It occurred in the absence of certain conditions generally associated with population growth.
答案：D
解析：原文… increase in population … Europe … industrialization … and … China, … no … industrialization，以及原文… a doubling …Chinese population … before Western contact, foreign trade, and industrialization could have had much effect，說明中國人口增長與西方接觸外貿以及工業化這些普遍因素無關，對應選項D中：It occurred in the absence of certain conditions generally associated with population growth。
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